Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study - Essay Example A higher level to the previous or a higher level as compared to the competitor indicates that the business is prospering. year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 unit car sales expected 80 120 150 180 190 The profitability of the company: the organization has an anticipated annual change of 1.02. This shows that the organization is on the positive trend in profit making. The profits can only increase if the company focuses more in cost reduction than in production. Breakeven levels Unit break-even for the year 2012 Average Annual Fixed Cost/ (Average Per Unit Sales Price - Average Per Unit Variable Cost) Fixed costs= (direct labor +supervision + office staff+ managerial) 550,033 =33+130,000+120,000 + 300,000 Variable costs = production overheads + production person-hours + sales overheads + other office overheads 100,900 = 50,000 + 900 + 18,000 + 32,000 Therefore: average annual fixed costs = 550,033/ 12= 45836.08 Average per unit sales = 75000/80= 937.5 Average per unit variable cost = total variable cost / number of units/12 =100900/80/12= 105.10 Break even = 45836.08/ (937.50-105.10) = 55 units Sales break even for the year 2012 Annual Fixed Cost/1 - (Average Per Unit Variable Cost ? Average Per Unit Sales Price) =550033/ 1- (105.10/937.5) =550033/1-0.1121 =550033/0.8879 =619476.29 ? Sensitivity of the figures to the key estimates The estimated figures show a positive increase in both the expenses and incomes. For example on the sales estimates there is a gradual increase in the number of units to be sold annually. This is not reflected in the other expenses. For example it is assumed that the variable costs are not changing with the increase in sales. Other factors not considered include market trends, additional investments, depreciation of the cars. Too the interests on the borrowed capital are assumed that they will remain unchanged for the due period. There should be a provision for such changes as the global economy is fluctuating. Also there are provisions for bad debts. Everything is assumed to a clear cut transaction. Recommendations The company therein is sales oriented. It projects a sharp increase in sales without putting into focus the other internal and external factors. The company therefore change this trend and focus on both production and cost reduction. References Cooperative extension, (n.d), Agr-business management, viewed April 21, 2012,

Defining Pholosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defining Pholosophy - Essay Example Bertrand Russell, a philosopher, states that philosophy â€Å"is something intermediate between theology and science. Like theology, it consists of speculations on matters as to which definite knowledge has, so far, been unascertainable; but like science, it appeals to human reason..." (What is philosophy?, n.d.) The four main branches of philosophy are logic, epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. These branches of philosophy are divided as to the nature of the questions asked in each area; however, these divisions cannot be rigidly separated. Logic pertains to the attempt to codify the rules of rational thought. This is one of the primary tools used by philosophers in their inquiries. Logicians explore the structure of arguments that preserve truth or allow the optimal extraction of knowledge from evidence. The second branch of philosophy is epistemology which is the study of knowledge itself. It deals with the nature, scope, and limits of human knowledge. Epistemologists ask quest ions such as what are the limits to our knowledge, does science give us knowledge at all or can our powers of reasoning give us knowledge. The third branch of philosophy is metaphysics which is the study of the nature of things. Metaphysicians ask what kinds of things exist, and what they are like. This is the area of philosophy which deals with the ultimate nature of reality. Metaphysicians reason about whether or not people have free will, in what sense abstract objects can be said to exist, and how it is that brains are able to generate minds. Examples of questions asked by metaphysicians are: Given that something exists, why that and not something else? Why that and not nothing? Why is there change? How can there also be permanence through change? Ethics is the fourth branch of philosophy which deals with the study of the rightness and wrongness of actions, the kinds of things which are good or desirable, and the blameworthy and praiseworthy actions. This area deals with how we conduct ourselves within the world. Moral philosophers may investigate questions such as, is it right for rape victims to abort their babies or is euthanasia the solution to a comatose patient? Philosophical questions are conceptual not factual. Generally speaking, philosophical questions are often a series of "why-questions." These are questions which cannot be fully answered with a simple â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†. These questions come about when people reflect on their lives and their world. They are often questions about our concepts and the relation between our concepts and the world they represent. Russell states that philosophical questions â€Å"appeal to human reason† (What is philosophy?, n.d.). Some philosophical questions are practical while others are theoretical. Example of a practical question is, "Is divorce justifiable?" A theoretical question on the other hand, often arise through thinking about practical issues such as â€Å"What is the meaning and purpose of our existence?† According to Stroll and Popkin, philosophical questions have seven characteristics (1972). First, it is a reflection about and the things nothing in it. Example is if one has a pen in his hand and took it off, there is nothing in his hand. So, does that mean that everything exists in nothing? The second characteristic of a philosophical question is it is a conceptual rather than a practical activity. The third characteristic is the use of reason and argumentation to establish a point. Fourth, a philosophical question asks for an explanation of the puzzling features of things such as the mirror, whether it reverses up or down or left or right. A philosophical question also digs beyond the obvious like what is a fact? Is a computer a fact? Another characteristic of

My Dream Essay Example for Free

My Dream Essay Hello everybody, im Doan Phuong Ly and i have been studied at Saigontech since 2012. My main major is Business Management. And i will have 2 more semesters to finish this program. I do really enjoy the business so that after graduating from this college , i hope that i can afford myself to attend the higher business program like MBA or rather , i will attend some Advanced Diploma certification which is necessary to my business in the future. As a person who are interested in business, i need to know the essential needs and basics of business so when i joined this course i feel it seems very useful and necessary to achieve my goals in my work life now and in the future. Eventhough, this course is short but it includes alot of content about the business such as the business environment, how to creating financing marketing and managing a business. In my life now, i have quite a lot of problems when i want to open my own business, such as opening my fashion shop, ive met quite a lots of trouble to identify and find out the best way to reach to my purpose. Fortunately, when participating in this course, there are too many things in books and also my instructor support a lots of business knowledge. It helps me to apply to my business work now, and if i can go further, i can understand the economic situation so that i may manage my business more effectively and i will achieve much success in my future.

Salvador Dali Belief System Essay Example for Free

Salvador Dali Belief System Essay Salvador Dali – Explore and analyse the metamorphosis of Dali’s belief system through his art Salvador Dali was an artist; known not only for his tremendous artistic talent and flamboyant and eccentric personality, but also for the greater meaning he entwined into his art. His contrasting beliefs led to an interesting metamorphosis of his belief system. Dali struggled between religion and science, due to conflicting family influences from his childhood and personal experiences which he would go on to endeavour in life. Dali’s initial works commenced by experimenting specifically with scientific themes and ideas, which can be noted in one his most famous paintings; The Persistence of Memory (1931). However as his life progressed, Dali’s new reincarnated interest in religion, mysticism and metaphysics led him to believe that religion and science co-exist simultaneously, which he portrayed through his artwork. Dali developed conflicting views regarding religion from a very young age. The artist grew up in a household where his mother’s family were devout Catholics; however his father was a firm atheist. Dali’s early views on religion were explicitly expressed in his drawing Sometimes I spit with Pleasure on the Portrait of my Mother (The Sacred Heart) (1929). This abstract themed drawing of what appears to be the silhouette of Jesus Christ is incredibly blasphemous. The hand written â€Å"Parfois Je crache pour plaisir sur la portrait de ma mere â€Å"literally translates to â€Å"Sometimes I spit with pleasure on the portrait of my mother†. The drawing is done in black ink on a plain white canvas. This simple colour scheme proves to be very effective, as it delivers the message very clearly and graphically. However, the simple nature of this particular drawing reflects what artists and literary figures from previous generations would have potentially branded as a â€Å"simple† and â€Å"earthly† mind due to the lack of belief in religion and one’s higher self. The style of writing could almost be associated with the types of print associated with cartoons. This just further reflects the lack of seriousness on Dali’s behalf. On the drawing, the words â€Å"ma mere† are specifically written in a bolder and larger size compared to the rest of the sentence. This effect makes these two words stand out in particular, emphasising Dali’s abhorrence towards his mother’s belief system. The small drawing in the centre of the silhouette with the Christian symbol of the cross represents Dali’s version of â€Å"The Sacred Heart†. This heart which he has drawn appears to be a very deformed heart. According to Christian beliefs, The Sacred Heart is a devotional name used by Catholics to refer to the physical heart of Jesus Christ, as a symbol of divine love. The devotion especially emphasizes the unmitigated love, compassion, and long-suffering of the heart of Christ towards humanity. By illustrating this â€Å"Sacred Heart† as deformed, Dali atrociously insulted his mother’s beliefs. This scandalous portrayal of the priesthood clearly reflects how Dali and his father viewed the priesthood as heavily corrupted, ignorant and hypocritical. The deformed heart reinstates how he thought the Catholic Church had deformed views, beliefs and a deformed lifestyle. Dali was an artist who formed part of the Surrealism movement. In the surrealist period, I wanted to create the iconography of the interior world – the world of the marvellous, of my father Freud. I succeeded in doing it. Today the exterior world – that of physics – has transcended the one of psychology. My father today is Dr Heisenberg† (Salvador Dali, quoted in Elliott H. King, ‘Nuclear Mysticism’, Salvador Dali: Liquid Desire, p. 247). The artists from the surrealist era introduced the theory of the liberation of desire through the invention of techniques that aimed to reproduce the mechanisms of dreams (Centre Pompidou, 2007). From a very young age, Dali was an avaricious learner of science and extensively read many books on geometry, mathematics, optical science, physics and natural history. Dali extensively studied and experimented with the Freudian theories on dreams and the unconscious. Several surrealist artists turned to hypnotism and drugs to delve into the dream world, where they looked for unconscious images that were not available in the conscious world, and Dali was an artist who was known for doing so (Art History Archive, n. d. ). The most famous painting associated with Dali is â€Å"The Persistence of Memory†, which was completed in 1931. This painting perfectly expresses Dali’s intense fascination and interest with the world of science, in particular modern physics. Albert Einstein proved to be a strong influence and inspiration for Dali. Dali’s ubiquitous thirst for science and modern physics naturally drew him to Einstein’s idea of relativity from the early 1900’s. This painting primarily focuses on the theme of time and the idea that time is relative, not fixed. There are three clocks, which appear to be melting, drooping and fluid in movement. These clocks represent that time is irrelevant, especially during sleep. However, the one watch on the desk appears to be normal yet closed, with ants crawling all over it. These ants are a subtle theme in the painting, suggesting that they are drawn to the decaying of time, as if it were â€Å"like rotting flesh† (The Museum of Modern Art). The colour scheme which Dali uses, is a scheme found in many of his other paintings. The use of the earthy colours such as brown, yellow and blue to portray sandy beaches and a slightly rugged coastline, resemble imagery which he had been exposed to as a child in Port Lligat. The use of these earthy colours and scenes of nature in a raw yet calm form brings about a sense of grounding to the painting, which contrasts to the dreamy ideologies which were commonly introduced by Surrealist painters, in particular Dali. In addition, Dali uses contrasting shading and light in this painting. The left half of the painting appears to be under a darker light and shady, whereas the right hand side of the painting appears to be brighter and exposed to sunlight. This subtle detail suggests that these two halves could represent the sub-conscious mind and the conscious mind. In the painting, the drooping, flexible clocks are placed within the darker shaded part of the painting, representing the subconscious mind and the dream world. However, the â€Å"conscious† part of the painting, which appears to be lit by sunlight, suggests that in reality, there is light at the end of the tunnel. This part of the painting also doesn’t enclose any of the clocks, which further emphasises Dali’s belief that in reality, time is definitely relative. Whilst in America during the 1940’s Dali experienced a shift in attitudes and began to reinvent himself. Despite the hatred he had for the Catholic Church during his younger years, Dali found himself exploring and returning to his mother’s belief system. Dali reinvented his art to explore and combine psychology, science and religion. This urge to explore his religious roots came from his research regarding Spanish mystics, who believed that science, art and religion can be expressed and proved as one. During this time, Dali came to know of the mathematician Matila Ghyka, whose works related to the golden mean, a harmonious proportion known to the Ancient Greeks and present in both nature and art. It was through this mathematician, that Dali came to learn of this unique and beautiful proportion. Dali was convinced that Ghyka had solved the problem of geometrical composition and used a transcription of his golden mean composition diagram as an inspiration for many of his compositions ( The Dali Dimension: DVD). Dali incorporated the use of the golden mean in many of his works, such as The Sacrament of the Last Supper (1955). In mathematics and art, two quantities are the golden ratio if the ratio of the sum of the quantities to the large quantity is equal to the ratio of the larger quantity to the smaller one. This proportion has been used in the form of the â€Å"golden rectangle† since the renaissance era by many artists, and is believed to be the most aesthetically pleasing. Dali was heavily inspired and influenced by artists from the renaissance era and therefore incorporated the golden rectangle in his own works too. The ratio of the dimensions of Dalis painting Sacrament of the Last Supper is equal to the golden ratio. Dali incorporated into the painting a huge dodecahedron (with each side being a pentagon) engulfing the supper table. According to Plato, the dodecahedron was the solid which the god used for embroidering the constellations on the whole heaven, and is intimately related to the golden ratio; both the surface area and the volume of a dodecahedron of unit edge length are simple functions of the golden ratio. In the painting The Sacrament of the Last Supper, Dali uses daring presentation. He successfully modernises a traditional and religious scene. The painting has an intense clarity to it, where the brush stroke artifacts that are barely visible give the image an even more meticulous quality to it. Dali presents Christ without any facial hair, which proves to be an extremely rare portrayal albeit a very effective one which modernises Christ. The use of the chapel like setting through the use of modern architecture removes this scene from an ancient biblical time in history, replacing and bringing it to what possibly could be the present. The three-dimensional effect which Dali incorporates proves to be alluring and only exemplifies the modern feel of the scene this painting. By using the three-dimensional affect, Dali could also be hinting at an ethereal dimension of spirituality. The colour scheme which Dali uses consists mainly of celestial shades of blue and soft hues of gold and white. Dali continues the beautifully spiritual theme with the body of Christ. The body is emphasised by the lack of a head, with his arms stretched over the Apostles symbolising that Christ offered himself up, however the Apostles are a metaphor for the mystical and metaphysical body of Christ. Dali seems to be the perfect match to create a modern-day painting of The Sacrament of the Last Supper, since he seemed to express a genuine understanding of the supernatural whilst having the uncanny ability to successfully merge modern science and religion in his work. Dali’s painting Meditative Rose (1958) charmingly indicates a sense of profound, peaceful serenity and completion in Dali’s life, in particular his relationship with his wife Gala, with whom he had an unconventional yet fulfilling and committed relationship with. The large, beautiful rose is unique and stimulating and provides the main focus of the painting. The rose is synonymous with the female form and is featured as a motif and metaphor for a sexual symbol in many of Dali’s other works. The rose bears a dual symbolism, which could represent Mary the mother of Jesus, as well as Dali’s beloved wife Gala. Dali’s positioning of the huge beautiful red rose hovering in the sky with a couple standing below it, promotes a sense of ambiguity and awe. The style which Dali has used is a unique blend of realism and dream-like fantasy. The tiny drop of water on the rose petal insinuates a realistic feature; however it can also infer a reference to holy water, implying that everyone’s life can have an auspicious element to it. The distinctive Spanish landscape which blends a range of earthy colours such as shades of yellow, orange and brown promote a sense of unity and variety. Dali strongly disliked war and conflict, he painted this painting over a decade after the Second World War had ended; therefore the peaceful qualities of this painting reflect his own personal emotional state as well as the condition of the community too. The rose is known for its medicinal and curing properties and perhaps by using this precious plant a motif, Dali aimed to promote healing through his art work. The journey for Dali to balance the struggle between religion and science proved to be empirical yet highly enriching and beneficial for him. Despite growing up with immense hatred towards Catholicism and religion, Dali turned to Spanish mysticism and metaphysics and proved that science and religion can perfectly complement one another. Through his artwork, his vivid expression along with his meticulous technique and exploration of challenging yet intriguing themes, perfectly show the journey and metamorphosis of his belief system.

Milton Friedman and profit maximisation

Milton Friedman and profit maximisation The only purpose of the business of business is business and the only social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. And to utilize all resources and engage it in such activities that are designed to increase its profits. Consumer or customers are the useful tool who bring the cash flow or profits to the organisation which they use to flourish and to accomplish their goals and objectives. The organisations exists only for making profits and by providing tangible or intangible products to their customers according to their needs and expectations.if the customers get satisfied ,they purchase the products or service and they give cash flows and profit to the organisations.if they are not satisfied they will go some where else to satisfy their needs and expectations, and get better value for their money. Same thing for the employees ,if they are satisfied with the company or organisation,they will be more loyal ,will work hard , be more motivated for the company, if they are not satisfied they will leave the company and go some where else. THE NEW CAPITALISTS SOCIETY SHARE OWNERS ARE BECOMING ONE AND THE SAME Organisations use the stakeholders(investors) money to establish and to flourish its business. It describes the increasing ownership of millions of savers. These millions of savers are defined as new capitalists. they include the individuals with retirement savings or pensioners, life insurance and other direct and indirect equity investments. Companys success is their primary interest , and this purpose of success can be good for the individual or single person but can be damaging for the larger economic system of the society. There are thousands of organisations and companies that are doing businesses around the world that are being funded by the money of pensioners, and life insurances .The governments also utilize or invest the tax money in different businesses and companies around the globe. In this way the governments play a role of a stakeholder, when the companies in which the pensioners money is invested ,when they get profits ,they give dividends to the governments who have invested in them , the governments take the profit to pay their pensioners, they do this in order to support the pensioners. CHARLES HANDYS STAKEHOLDERS VIEW. Charles accepts and argues that creating value where none existed According to him the first and the important need of an organisation is to meet Expectations of the stakeholders. According to this view the main purpose of the business is not to make a profit It is to make a profit so that the business that can do something more or better. That something becomes the real justification for a business. A companys stakeholders are individuals or groups with an interest ,claim ,or Stake in the company, in what it does, and in how well it performs. So the organisation has the responsibility to satisfy the needs and expectations Of the people who bring cash flow and risk capital to the organisation, so it Exists in the business market. One of the most important choices that a company makes is to utilize the scrace resources and to balance the needs of the stakeholders by building sustainable development principles into all the aspects of the business activity. After investors the suppliers get involved for providing the stock of raw materials .consumers /customers also get involved and they bring cash flow or profit to the organisation. Accually we can say that it is a cycle of investing ,selling and bringing cash flows. The money of the capitalists or the share holders which they invest in the company , they expect big chunk of dividends from the company as profits, but the board of directors want to give less dividends and keep the profits for the growth or for reinvestments or for flourishing the business further. Any one who has an interest of any kind in the company is called a stakeholder, it could be an individual , a group ,or it can be an organisation of any kind that is affected by any kind of actions and decisions that a company may take. Shareholders, employees ,suppliers, customers , financial institutions, government and society , they all are stakeholders, who directly or indirectly have interest of any kind in the company, and these stakeholders are interlinked with the organisation ,they can influence and can be influenced by the organisation. CONCLUSION On analysing the three views on the purpose of the business.I believe that the main purpose of the business is to make profit, the capitalists also play a very crutial role in the business, but I strongly believe and agree the view of CHARLES HANDY because I think that stakeholders are the legal owners of the company and the providers of the risk capital. The capital that the stakeholders provide to the company for investment is seen as risk capital because there is no guarantee that stakeholders will ever recoup their investment and earn a decent return. And I really think the organisation must really serve the stakeholders. ( B) What are the implications of these three differing views for Managers development of organisational strategy? ANS:-An important and foremost part of strategy -making process is ensuring that the company maintains the support of its key elements or stakeholderson which it depends for its functioning and for its ultimate survival. And it should keep in mind these following steps; Identify stakeholders. Identify stakeholders interest concerns. Identify what claims stakeholders are likely to make on the organisation. Identify the strategic challenges. These are the key steps that will identify who the organisation is really serving,what are the needs and expectations of our stakeholders, what are the basic concerns of our stakeholders and how we are gonna satisfy them by facing different challenges. Despite the experiences of many organisations around the world, it is possible to turn strategies and plans in to individual action plans, necessary to produce a great business performance. It is not an easy task ,many companies usually fail to motivate their people to work with enthusiasm ,all together , towards the corporate aims of the organisation . Most companies know their businesses as well as their strategies are required for success. However many corporations fail to translate their strategy in to action thats why they fail to implement and sustain it successfully. In another study of 200 companies in the Times 1000, 80% of directors said that they had the right strategy but only 14% thought that they were implementing them well. No doubt linked to the finding despite of 97% of directors having the strategic vision only 33% reported achieving significant strategic success. (source :- Why do only one third of UK companies achieve strategic success?- I COBBOLD G LAWRIE, 2GCLtd., May 2001.) The message is very clear that effective strategic realisation is the key to strategic success. By corporate governance , we mean the mechanisms that exist to ensure that managers pursue strategies that are in the interests of an important stakeholders. Professional managers are the agents of the stakeholders, as agents managers should pursue strategies that maximize long-run returns to stakeholders. So for a manager it is important to realize the strategy of the organisation ,realize the stakeholders ,their needs and expectations, and how to satisfy them. ( C):- Stake holders represent more challenges than opportunities. Appraise the conflicting needs, power and influence of stakeholders? ANS:- stakeholders groups are not usually homogeneous, but it contains a variety of sub-groups with different expectations and needs.A stakeholder is any individual or an organization that can or is affected by the activities of a business. They may have a direct or indirect interest and influence in the business, and may be in contact with the business on the daily basis or may be just occasionally, A companys stakeholders are individuals or groups with an interest , claim ,or stake in the company, in what it does and in how well it performs. A companys stakeholders can be divided in to two catagories. Internal stakeholders External stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are the stockholders and the employees, including executive officers, other managers , and board members. External stakeholders are all other individuals and the groups that have some claim on the company . this group contains customers ,suppliers ,creditors, governments ,unions, local communities and general public. STAKEHOLDERS NEEDS EXPECTATIONS:- All stakeholders are in an exchanging and interlinked relationship with the company . Each stakeholder group supplies the organisation with important resources or contributes one thing or the other to the company and in exchange, each expects its interests to be satisfied by the organisation. Stockholders provide the organisation with risk capital or with the investment and , in exchange , expects management to try to maximize the return on their investment or inreturn they want a big chunk of dividends. Creditors such as bondholders provide the company with capital in the form of debt, and they expect to be repaid on time with interest. Employees provide labour and skills and in exchange, expect good wages ,job satisfaction ,job security, and good working hours and conditions. Customers provide company with its revenues and in exchange want high quality reliable products that represent value for money. suppliers provide a company with inputs and in exchange seek revenues and dependable buyers. Governments provide a company with rules, regulations and laws that govern business practice and In exchange they want companies that respect these rules and they work accordingly to their regulations and pay their taxes. Unions help to provide a company with productive ,loyal trust worthy employees or workers, and in exchange they want benefits for their members in proportion to their contributions to the company. Local communities provide companies with local infrastructure and in exchange Want companies that are responsible citizens. The general public provides companies with national infrastructure and in exchange seeks some assurance that the quality of life will be improved as a result of the companys existence. A company should take these claims in to account when formulating its strategies. If it does not , stakeholders may demand higher interest payments , employees may leave their jobs and go away, and customers may buy elsewhere. Suppliers may seek more dependable buyers. Unions may engage in labour disputes. Government may take civil or criminal action against the company. Any of these reactions can have a damaging impact on an company or organisation. Managers cannot always satisfy the needs and expectations of all the stakeholders. The goals of different groups may conflict , and in practice , few organizations have the resources to satisfy all stakeholders needs and expecations. For example , unions claims for higher wages can conflict with consumer demands for reasonable prices and stockholders demands for acceptable returns. Often the company must make choices. To do so , it must identify the most important stakeholders and give highest priority to pursuing strategies that satisfy their needs. STAKEHOLDERS POWER:- Power is the mechanism by which expectations are able to influence purposes and strategies . It has been seen that in most organisations , power will be unequally shared between and among the various stakeholders. Power is the ability of individuals or groups to persuade , dominate the other.internal stakeholders have great influence and power on the organisations because of the authorities and power they have. There are many different sources of power. But stakeholders may have power by other means. Since there are a variety of different sources of power, it is useful to look for the indicators of power, which are the visible signs that stakeholders have been able to exploit one or more of the sources of power. There are four useful indicators of power. 01 The status of the individual or group. 02 The claim on resources. 03 Representation in powerful position. 04 Symbols of power. By looking at these four indicators , it may be possible to understand which people or groups appear to have power by a number of these measures. It should be remembered that the distribution of power will vary in relation to the particular strategy under consideration. A similar understanding of the power held by external stakeholders can be useful. The indicators of power here are slightly different: e.g. internal stakeholders have great power and influence in the organisation, if they are satisfied with the facilities and organisational environment /atmosphere , where they work the condition and the wages are good , they will work hard and be loyal to the organisation, but if they are not satisfied , they will distrupt the internal management, and they can bring uncertainty in the plans.like this other shareholders have their influencing power as well. (D) How can organisations manage shareholders conflicts and handle issues of ethics ,corporate governance and regulation? ANS:- The term ethics means right or wrong that governs the conduct of a person, the behaviour of members of a profession, or the actions of an organization. Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople. Ethical decisions are those by which we mean the right and wrong conducting principles that are accepted by the society, but unethical decisions are those that are unacceptable or which violate the rights. Corporate governance is a broad term that has to do with the manner in which the rights and responsibilities are shared among owners , managers and shareholders of a given company. In essence , the exact structure of the corporate governance will determine what rights, responsibilities, and privileges are extended to each of the corporate participants, and to what degree each participant may enjoy those rights. Generally , the foundation for any system of corporate governance will be determined by several factors, all of which help to form the final form of governing the company. { http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-corporate-governance.htm} The ethics issues that arise in an organisation and that are being faced by the managers have different aspects , but mostly it arises from the conflicting goals and objectives the company and the individual objectives of managers, and the rights of the stakeholders, including stockholders, customers, employees, suppliers , competitors, communities , and the general public. Stakeholders have the basic rights that should be respected , and it is unethical to violate those rights of the shareholders. Stockholders have right to timely and accurate information about their investments, and it is un ethical to violate that right. Customers have right to be fully informed about the products and services they purchase, including the right of information about how those products might cause harm to them or others, and it is unethical to restrict their access to such information. Employees have the right to save working conditions, to fair wages for the work they perform , and to be treated in a just manner by managers. Suppliers have right to expect contracts to be honoured , and the firm should not take advantage of the power ,and rewrite a contract. Competitors have the right to expect that the firm will abide by the rules of competition and not violate the basic principles of antitrust laws. Those who follow the stakeholders view of business ethics often argue that we should respect the fundamental rights of stakeholders , because doing so will ensure the support of stakeholders , which ultimately benefits the firm and its managers. Others go beyond this instrumental approach to ethics to argue that in many cases , acting ethically is simply the right thing to do. They argue that businesses need to acknowledge the principles and give back in return some thing to the society for its development and growth. Oftentimes , unethical behaviour arises in a corporate setting when managers decide to put the attainment of their own personal goals , or goals of the company , above the fundamental rights of one or more stakeholders group. First it is important to recognize that business ethics are not different from personal ethics , which are the generally accepted principles of right and wrong doing of an individuals. As individually we are taught that it is wrong to lie and cheat it is unethicaland that it is right to behave with integrity and honour and stand up for what we believe to be right and true. The personal ethical code comes from different sources , our personal ethical code will exert a profound influence on the way we behave as businesspeople. This includes considerations as to how the conflicting demands of different stakeholders will be reconciled. It is useful to distinguish between contractual stakeholderssuch as customers ,suppliers , or employees who have a legal relationship with organisation and community stakeholderssuch as local communities , consumers and pressure groupswho do not have the protection of the law to the same extent as the first group. Managers are usually in a powerful position within organisations to influence the expectations of other stakeholders. They have access to information and channels of influence which are not available to many other stakeholders. With this power comes an ethical responsibility to behave with integrity . Given that strategy development can be an intensely political process, managers can find real difficulties establishing and maintaining this position of integrity. There is a potential conflict for managers between what strategies organisation and the shareholders. Integrity is the key ingredient of professional management and is included in the code of conduct of professional bodies, such as the Chartered Management Institute. (Q) Critically analyse the content and relevance of the mission statements for each of the three different organisations (pg165), with regards to their goals ,values ,and objectives? TATA STEEL;- TATA STEEL as it is also well known as TISCO(Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited) was the vision and hardship of a single person JAMSETJI NUSSERWANJI TATA and the history of TATA STEEL is like hundred years old. It is the largest steel company in india and is the worlds 15th largest steel company. TATA STEEl company went through very hard routes to reach at the place and position where it is today. The modern and scientific methods from the west helped TATA STEEL a lot to survive and now it is the well known and recognised leader in steel in india. MISSION:- we aspire to be the global steel industry benchmark of value creation and corporate citizenship. VISION:- our people , by fostering team work , nutruring talent , enhancing leadership capability and action with pace , pride and passion. our offer, by becoming the supplier of choice , delivering premium products and services and creating value for our customers. our innovative approach , by developing leading edge solutions in technology, processes,and products. our conduct , by providing a safe working place, respecting the environment, caring of our communities and demonstrating high ethical standards. MISSION:- Keeping in mind the vision and values of the founder jamsetji Tata, Tata Steel, is tring hard to strengthen Indias industrial base by proper utilizing its resources , like men and material. According to Tata Steel honesty and integrity are the essential ingredients of becoming a strong and stable organisation, and for economic activity profitability is the main path. CONCLUSION:- In Tata Steels mission and vision , their future direction or course of activity are very clear. profit maximisation but it also keeps in mind the expectations ,needs of the stakeholders and try to do justice with them. This organization seems to be very promising about the ethical standard , working conditions and facilities for their workers. I n my opinion this is the key element for any organisation to flourish and survive for a long time. Tata Steel has used this and other key elements and has survived for more than hundred years by its great commitment of becoming the first choice as a supplier by providing the best products , services and by creating a good value for its customers, by utilizing modern technology to process its products . In all these process they are very much concerned about the communities and most of all the environment. By keeping good reputation in the industry ,they are building a very good image of India in all over the world. Tata Steels main objective is to become a leader in steel industry by utilizing all its available scare resources and keeping the exising clients happy and getting new clients as well for its maximum profit and keeping employees happy as well. It is a very challenging objective but not impossible one. THE METROPOLITAN POLICE:- In the world every country ,society or community have their own security or police departments or force, which are there to protect , secure the persons and properties. Police is a department under the controll of the government to keep peace and secure society. Governments make laws and regulations for the betterment of the society or community and the police reinforces them, so that the society can benefit. It is a very challenging job , they have to be alert every seond for stopping the anti social activity or behaviour. Like that Metropolitan police is the force of England to keep the society at peace.and to stop the anti social behaviour and attitude which is like an ulcer of the sosiety ,which can harm the stability of the society. MISSION:- working together for a safer london. Increasing public confidence and satisfaction . Preventing and reducing crime , disorder and vulnerabiliy. Increasing safety and security. Improving quality of service. Being efficient and effective. VISION:- Working together with all our citizens , all our partners, all our collegues. We will have pride in delivering quality policing ,there is no greater priority. We will build trust by listening and responding. We will respect and support each other and work as a team. We will learn from experiences and find ways to be even better. CONCLUSION:- According to the mission ,vision and values of metropolitan police , i strongly believe that it enforcement of law and order , protecting personal properties, and keeping peace and stability in the society and reduction of the civil disorder. It is a hard job but it is not impossible as England has a multi-national cultures existing and surviving in it, and this is the biggest challenge that is being faced by the metropolitan police. Its course of direction is very clear, i believe that TATA STEEL is much more promicing about the ethical standard , and is more committed. Metropolitan police still has to work hard to build its image . VILLEROY AND BOCH:- To be the leading European lifestyle brand with high competence and trend -setting style for high-end design and living. FIVE VALUES ONE PHILOSOPHY CUSTOMERS: our success is measured through the enthusiasm that our customers or consumers show while purchasing our products and services.villeroy and boch have a constant challenge to satisfy the needs and expectations of the customers , retailers, architects.we convince them through competence and experience. EMPLOYEES: To have a strong position in the market for a long run , you should have innovative and committed employees. Our priority is motivation and cultivation of their team spirits, and encouraging them to achieve personal goals as well as collective goals. INNOVATION: if we claim that we have the leading position in the international markets , then it will not be easy to follow the trends. Those who want to have or to secure their competitive edge must recognise and shape new trends earlier than the others. company and achieve long-term success. The foundamentals for this are a balanced portifolio, earning -oriented growth, high and constant rates of return and appropriate dividends. RESPONSIBILITY: not many companies have made regional economic history as well as Europeon cultural and social history. Villeroy and bosh is one of them , and thus bears many responsibilities. We feel obligated not only to our employees, shareholders and customers, but also to the environment and society. CONCLUSION:- This organisation or company has a very strong image , and its mission ,vision and values are very high standard,as it is the European leader and the trend setter, to main tain its position and to sustain its long term success it has to beat others by maximizing its competitive advange and by minimizing its treats or by converting them in to opportumities. To maintain its position it has to be more faster than the other companies , it has to be more creative and innovative ; As CHARLES DRAWIN said it is the strongest of the species that survive , nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. As we all know we live in a very dynamic world, our choices and preferrences are changing day by day , so as being a leader or a trend setter , it has to be very innovative and it should quickly respond to the changes before others. It is also a customer valued organisation, as customers are valued and their needs and expectations are given importance or are preferred. This organisation also pays attention to its employees which are its front line, and who help it to achieve its sustainability in the market.i believe that this is the key element to success of this organisation, by building team spirit and by indulging them together in such way that the collective goals are achieved. This organisation has a very strong image , it is very promising and very much determined and committed. As being a European leader it is equally paying attention on internal and external elements that play a crutial role in its success. This organisation is not only taking advantages of its strengths and opportunities but it is also indulging its weaknesses into opportunities and also tackling threats as opportunities and it is trying to over come them. So i think in my opinion villeroy and bosh are more challenging and strong organisation in their mission ,vision and values , then is the Tata Steel and in the end comes metropolitan police.that has to work very hard to potriate its image in the minds of the people.

Buddhism Essay -- Papers Religion Buddha Essays Papers

Buddhism is one of the biggest religions founded in India in the 6th and 5th century B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama, also known as â€Å"the Buddha.† As one of the greatest Asian religion, it teaches the practice and the observance of moral perceptions. â€Å"Buddhism begins with a man. In his later years, when India was afire with his message, people came to him asking what he was. Not ‘Who are you?’ but ‘What are you?’ ‘Are you god?’ they asked. ‘No.’ ‘An angel?’ ‘No.’ ‘A saint?’ ‘No.’ ‘Then, what are you?’ Buddha answered, ‘I am awake.’ His answer became his title, for this is what Buddha means. The Sanskrit root budh means to awake and to know. While the rest of humanity was dreaming the dream we call the waking human state, one of their number roused himself. Buddhism begins with a man who woke up. Buddha was born a prince named Siddhartha Gautama in a small kingdom in what is now Nepal. Siddharta’s birth is described as a miraculous event, his birth being the result of his mother's impregnation by a sacred white elephant that touched her left side with a lotus flower. The scriptures claim that when Gautama was born â€Å"immeasurable light spread through ten thousand worlds; the blind recovering their sight, as if from desire to see his glory" (Evans 141) Shortly after his birth, his father consulted with a number of astrologers, all of whom declared that the newborn prince would become a great king and that he would rule the world in truth and righteousness. Among these astrologers, there was one who declared that if the prince were to see a sick person, an old person, a corpse, and a world-renouncing ascetic, he w... ...he physical world and one's perceptions of it as a means towards enlightenment. All activities, including sex, can be used as a meditative technique. This was called Vajrayana, or "The Vehicle of the Thunder-Bolt." The Vajrayanans believed that each bodhisattva had consorts or wives, called taras These female counterparts embodied the active aspects of the bodhisattva, and so were worshipped. One learned the teachings of Tantrism from a master, and then one joined a group of others who had been trained. There one would practice the rituals learned from the master. For the Tantrists, the physical world was identical with the Void and human perception was identical with Nirvana. Buddhism, however, was slowly fading off of the Indian landscape; Tantrism came on the scene just as Buddhism began to slowly lose its vitality.

freeclo Comapring Free Will in A Clockwork Orange and Freedom and the

Free Will in A Clockwork Orange and Skinner's Freedom and the Control of Man      Ã‚   Socrates once said, "Know thyself," and over two thousand years later we're still perplexed with the complexities of human behavior. The concept of free will has been debated and challenged by science, religion, and philosophy throughout history. By free will, I mean our ability to choose and behave as we wish, without our choices being determined by outside sources. Such a notion has been discussed and disputed by philosophers like B.F. Skinner, Robert Kane, William Lycan, and Richard Hanley in very different ways.    In order to better understand the arguments of Skinner and Kane, we must first understand the concept of determinism. Determinism is the idea that all events are caused, occurring only as effects of causes before them. For example, the event of my bringing an umbrella to work was caused, or determined, by a rainstorm or perhaps by the day's weather forecast predicting rain. Whatever the reason, determinism follows that a later event is inevitable due to its earlier cause. If true, determinism holds that the future is fixed and unchangeable, in much the same way the past is unchangeable in time travel. If true, determinism leaves only one possible effect for each subsequent event. Influencing the ideas of determinism is the religious conception of predestination. Here the idea is that God has determined beforehand who will go to heaven and hell and nothing can be done to change the fixed and determined outcome. Predestination has been criticized by some because it seems to lead to fat alism. If our destinies are already decided, we seem to lack the free will to control our future. But believers in predestination believe tha... ...ve it or we don't, whether it's determined or not, the notion of free will can help us better understand why we behave as we do. Perhaps someday, with our understanding of free will, we'll be able to do what Socrates recommended long ago.    Works Cited Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange. New York, NY: W W Norton & Company. 1986. Kane, Robert. Selections from The Significance of Free Will. http://www.iusb.edu/~lzynda/scifi/kane.html. Lycan, William. Consciousness. http://www.iusb.edu/~lzynda/scifi/lycan.html. Hanley, Richard. The Metaphysics of Star Trek. Chapter 3 "Pro Creation" [Abridged] http://www.iusb.edu/~lzynda/scifi/hanley.html. Persons Handout. X100/220. Philosophy, Science, and Science Fiction. The Concept of a Person. Skinner, B.F. "Freedom and the Control of Man." http://www.iusb.edu/~lzynda/scifi/skinner.html.